Community Health in Rural America During the Mid-20th Century.

The Council on Rural Health (1945-1975) of the American Medical Association (AMA) collaborated with domestic health care organizations in the mid-20th century to improve access to health care in rural areas. This council promoted health and farm safety education, public health measures, insurance plans, and construction of health facilities. It also lobbied state and county medical societies to form rural health committees. AMA archive materials document these activities and demonstrate physicians' involvement and investment in the communities they served.

Dr. Anna Bayerová: The First Official Female Doctor in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This biographical note details Anna Bayerová's (1853-1924) activities as the first female Austro-Hungarian health officer in 1878 to1918 occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). Anna Bayerová is known as a heroine of Czech feminism and the 'first Czech female physician', though she only practised in the Czech lands from 1913 to 1916. In 1891, Bayerová was enrolled as the first Austro-Hungarian female health officer and assigned to treat Muslim women in the district of Tuzla, Bosnia. She pursued this mission for the first three months of 1892, had herself transferred to Sarajevo in the summer, and soon thereafter quitted the service. Her biographers point to a series of political and personal motivations to abandon her mission in Bosnia, which, from the viewpoint of Czech feminists, included fulfilling her professional duties in an exemplary way. She spent most of her professional life as a physician in Switzerland and did not request Austrian recognition of her medical degree until 1913. Bayerová died in Prague in 1924. Conclusion. Bayerová, partly for political reasons and partly due to her panic-fuelled fear of catching tuberculosis, quitted her role as the first Austro-Hungarian female health officer in BH soon after her arrival in 1892.

O "retrato" do hospital da Misericórdia de Vila Viçosa (Portugal) em 1870 / The "portrait" of the hospital of the Misericórdia de Vila Viçosa (Portugal) in 1870

O nosso estudo analisa o hospital da Misericórdia de Vila Viçosa em 1870 com base na descrição elaborada pelo administrador do concelho nessa data. Os elementos fornecidos procuram conhecer a instituição a que está ligado -a Misericórdia-, e contribuir para uma melhor administração. Com base nesta fonte é possível conhecer o hospital, bem como a política seguida pela confraria no tocante à saúde. O seu estudo dá a conhecer o funcionamento da instituição, desde os seus espaços aos doentes, apresentando um hospital Municipal de traça quinhentista, embora adaptado às necessidades do século XIX. Integra ainda as sugestões do administrador do concelho, embora estas não sejam implementadas devido à escassez de receitas com que o hospital se debatia, as quais eram as responsáveis pelo estado de degradação em que alguns dos seus espaços se encontravam, mas sobretudo pelo corte no internamento de doentes e da assistência aos que se curavam em suas casas

Our study analyzes the hospital of the Misericórdia of Vila Viçosa in the 1870, based on the description made by the county administrator in that date. The elements given provided seek to know the institution in which is connected - the Misericórdia -, and to contribute to better administration. Based on this source is possible to know the hospital, as well as the politic pursued by the brotherhood in regards to the health. Its study makes known the functioning of the institution, from its spaces to the sick people, presenting a Municipal hospital of fifths hundred traces, although tailored to the needs of the XIX century. It also integrates the suggestions of the municipal administrator, although these are not implemented due to the lack of revenue that the hospital was debating, which were responsible for the state of degradation in which some of its spaces were located, but especially for the cut in hospitalization and the care of those who were cured in their homes

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A History of Social Work in Public Health.

Social work is a core health profession with origins deeply connected to the development of contemporary public health in the United States. Today, many of the nation's 600 000 social workers practice broadly in public health and in other health settings, drawing on a century of experience in combining clinical, intermediate, and population approaches for greater health impact. Yet, the historic significance of this long-standing interdisciplinary collaboration-and its current implications-remains underexplored in the present era. This article builds on primary and contemporary sources to trace the historic arc of social work in public health, providing examples of successful collaborations. The scope and practices of public health social work practice are explored, and we articulate a rationale for an expanded place for social work in the public health enterprise.

Chelsea, Pimlico and Belgravia District Nursing Association 1930-1939: A case study.

The case study explores how the expansion of the health services during the interwar period impacted upon the status of district nursing and examines how being a voluntary service shaped district nursing associations. A range of primary sources were used; the Association Annual Reports, the Medical Officer for Health Annual Reports for the Borough of Chelsea, the Ministry of Health records, the archives of the Queen's Nursing Institute (QNI) and the Borough of Chelsea Council Minutes. The Medical Officer for Health Reports and the Council minutes identify efforts to improve environmental factors that impacted upon health. These primary sources briefly note the contribution of the Association suggesting that it was integral to the health care provision but considered a constant. The impact of changes to the 1932 Sunday Entertainments Act provide an interesting juxtaposition between the acknowledged value of district nursing and the constant struggle to fundraise in order to provide home nursing. Throughout the 1930s the Association experienced staff shortages and challenges regarding recruitment. The complexities of payment for municipal health services following the 1929 Local Government Act contributed to the staffing challenges. The move to a block grant in 1938 provided increased stability with regards to income. The case study identifies a contradiction regarding the esteem and value placed upon district nursing associations providing home nursing and the constant challenge of resources. District nursing services face similar challenges and this is the 130th anniversary of the Queen's Nursing Institute.

Award for Distinguished Senior Career Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest: Faye Z. Belgrave.

The APA Awards for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest recognize persons who have advanced psychology as a science and/or profession by a single extraordinary achievement or a lifetime of outstanding contributions in the public interest. The 2016 recipient of the Award for Distinguished Senior Career Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest is Faye Z. Belgrave. She was selected for her "extensive service contributions to her profession, her university, and the community," evidenced in her "focused research agenda that informs and shapes her teaching, her mentoring, and the community programs, workshops, and trainings she has designed." Dr. Belgrave's award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record

Improving care delivery at the community level: an examination of the AF4Q legacy.

OBJECTIVE: Aligning Forces for Quality (AF4Q) was the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's nearly 10-year, multicomponent initiative to create meaningful and sustainable change in 16 communities. Our purpose was to describe the likely legacy of the care delivery component of AF4Q among participating communities and the factors that influenced the legacy. METHODS: We used a multiple-case study approach. Our analysis relied on 3 key documents for each community, based on key informant interviews conducted between 2006 and 2015: (1) a summary of the community's care delivery activities under AF4Q, (2) a summary of the community's experience in the AF4Q program, and (3) a summary of the characteristics of each community and the multi-stakeholder alliance that led local efforts under AF4Q. We used a team-based consensual approach to analysis. RESULTS: We identified 3 types of legacies: (1) in 3 communities, there appear to be sustained infrastructures or wide-reaching activities attributable to AF4Q; (2) in 5 communities, AF4Q participation was used to advance preexisting activities; and (3) in 8 communities, the care delivery legacy is likely to be limited, because the local alliance focused on performance measurement instead of care delivery or the care delivery activities had limited reach and sustainability. Community contextual factors (eg, availability of other grant support) and alliance characteristics (eg, areas of expertise) greatly influenced the AF4Q care delivery legacy. CONCLUSION: AF4Q appears to have created meaningful and sustained change in care delivery in half of the participating communities. Among the other communities, the considerable financial support and technical assistance provided by RWJF was not enough to overcome some of the contextual barriers that often hamper quality-improvement efforts.

Psicología comunitaria: apuntes para no olvidar / Community psychology: notes to not forget

En este artículo abordaremos un tema que, aunque ha sido muy estudiado, necesita ser analizado desde un punto de vista más crítico en nuestro país. Por ende, se realizará una búsqueda bibliográfica, que dará cuenta de los aportes a la teoría y la puesta en práctica en Colombia de la Psicología Comunitaria. Este campo de estudio, es una de las ramas más recientes de la psicología, ya que se consolidó en Estados Unidos en el año de 1965, y en Latinoamérica a mediados de los años 70; pero su desarrollo no ha cesado, y se ha pensado desde la interdisciplinaridad. Ahora bien, nos sumergiremos en el mundo del tema que nos convoca en esta ocasión, buscando las razones que llevan a un área de estudio, tan importante en nuestro contexto, a dar a entender el por qué, el cómo, el dónde, el para qué y quiénes han contribuido, con el fin de hacer un avistamiento de los fundamentos y desarrollos que han adquirido los profesionales, en el transcurso de la investigación y la práctica de esta área en el país. Este artículo de reflexión planteará, en tres subtítulos, la lectura que, desde la perspectiva de tres estudiantes en formación de un pregrado de psicología, se han pensado, desde una perspectiva propositiva y apreciativa, sobre el cómo este enfoque contribuye a generar en las comunidades, agenciamientos desde la posibilidad, la resiliencia y el trabajo comunitario en red.

In this article we will approach a topic that, although it has been very studied, needs to be analyzed from a more critical point of view in our country. Therefore, a bibliographic search, which will account for the contributions to the theory and implementation in Colombia of Community Psychology. This field of study is one of the branches psychology, since it was consolidated in the United States in the year of 1965, and in Latin America in the mid-70s; but its development has not stopped, and It has been thought from the interdisciplinarity. Now, we will immerse ourselves in the world of the topic that summons us on this occasion, looking for the reasons that lead to an area of study, so important in our context, to make us understand why, how, where, for what and who have contributed, in order to make a sighting of the fundamentals and developments that professionals have acquired during the course of research and practice of this area in the country. This article of reflection will pose, in three subtitles, reading that, from the perspective of three fit students of a psychology undergraduate, have been thought, from a propositive perspective and appreciative, on how this approach contributes to generate in the communities, agencies from the possibility, resilience and community work in network.